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ML-DSA-65 Dilithium Cube

10 live ML-DSA-65 keypairs  ·  4,096 spheres  ·  16 Dilithium bands  ·  FIPS 204 verified

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Tag: HZJK3G  ·  Key 1/10
01/10
ML-KEM-768
1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65
1,952 bytes · FIPS 204
Distribution Analysis
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NIST FIPS 204 · ML-DSA-65 · Level 3
q = 8,380,417 · 16×16×16 lattice
Qrypto Trust · qryptotrust.com

Cryptographic Analysis

PQC Identity & Entropy Reports

Per-keypair statistical analysis combining CRYSTALS-Dilithium parameter verification with 16-layer ±δ walk entropy evaluation. All keypairs pass NIST FIPS 204 requirements — Qrypto Trust applies a stricter issuance standard below.

Issuance Policy — Identity HZJK3G
All keypairs in this identity set satisfy NIST FIPS 204 requirements for ML-DSA-65. Qrypto Trust applies a stricter standard: any keypair whose per-layer average χ² approaches the 30.578 critical threshold, or whose individual layers show marginal uniformity, is rejected and regenerated prior to issuance — even when it technically passes — to maximize cryptographic security margins for Zero Trust deployments. In higher security applications, any marginal keys that are suitable for daily PQC needs are rejected and only optimal keys are issued.
Select Keypair — Identity HZJK3G
Keypair 1 / 10  ·  [DATA: summary line will populate here]

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 1 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0130,1948,367,8574,200,9312,511,73317.375PASS ✓
L022,2658,359,9134,151,7792,481,32427.250PASS ✓
L0330,1948,347,1834,176,3552,428,85421.250PASS ✓
L042,2658,326,5764,139,4912,439,22122.625PASS ✓
L0552,4988,348,6024,151,7792,406,71510.875PASS ✓
L062,2658,300,2434,143,5872,358,46214.125PASS ✓
L0752,4988,358,9074,172,2592,344,63618.000PASS ✓
L082,2658,326,5764,155,8752,306,73221.250PASS ✓
L09222,5768,358,9074,159,9712,321,98226.375PASS ✓
L1093,6628,300,2434,119,0112,286,65228.250PASS ✓
L1130,1948,347,1834,114,9152,311,57019.250PASS ✓
L1223,1218,318,8994,176,3552,310,21428.500PASS ✓
L1362,0488,347,1834,192,7392,327,98125.625PASS ✓
L1440,0758,355,6824,164,0672,340,53223.875PASS ✓
L1562,0488,336,3084,123,1072,358,48027.125PASS ✓
L161,7328,359,9134,180,4512,358,98423.750PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red1516-1
2Orange Red2216+6
3Orange1216-4
4Gold1916+3
5Yellow1716+1
6Green Yellow1416-2
7Chartreuse1516-1
8Lime716-9
9Spring Green2116+5
10Cyan1716+1
11Deep Sky Blue1616+0
12Blue916-7
13Violet1516-1
14Magenta2316+7
15Deep Pink1616+0
16Hot Pink1816+2

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value1,732
Max value8,367,857
Mean4,157,667
Std deviation2,369,377
Shannon entropy3.9743 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)22.219   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 1 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.947598.7%17.375−13.20PASS ✓
L023.924898.1%27.250−3.33PASS ✓
L033.944498.6%21.250−9.33PASS ✓
L043.930898.3%22.625−7.95PASS ✓
L053.970199.3%10.875−19.70PASS ✓
L063.958999.0%14.125−16.45PASS ✓
L073.946798.7%18.000−12.58PASS ✓
L083.937098.4%21.250−9.33PASS ✓
L093.921198.0%26.375−4.20PASS ✓
L103.914597.9%28.250−2.33PASS ✓
L113.940498.5%19.250−11.33PASS ✓
L123.918698.0%28.500−2.08PASS ✓
L133.923098.1%25.625−4.95PASS ✓
L143.932898.3%23.875−6.70PASS ✓
L153.920198.0%27.125−3.45PASS ✓
L163.926398.2%23.750−6.83PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9348 bits (98.4% of max 4.0)
Average χ²22.219
Layers passing χ² test16 / 16 (100%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)0 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.9145 bits (L10)
Highest layer χ²28.500 (L12)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9348 bits (98.4% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9743 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)22.219   PASS ✓
Min value1,732
Max value8,367,857
Mean4,157,667 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 2 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L013,7618,371,4894,061,4492,366,9399.500PASS ✓
L0262,2238,373,0564,081,9292,344,33421.000PASS ✓
L039,7318,273,7634,094,2172,343,74611.250PASS ✓
L0462,2238,373,0564,086,0252,307,74014.750PASS ✓
L053,7618,225,2464,073,7372,343,91816.250PASS ✓
L0691,2918,321,6924,032,7772,369,77414.750PASS ✓
L073,7618,322,2744,073,7372,390,3768.250PASS ✓
L0878,2068,348,6864,122,8892,384,87821.625PASS ✓
L093,7618,371,4894,077,8332,331,87212.500PASS ✓
L1017,3018,321,6924,081,9292,315,36524.625PASS ✓
L113,7618,322,2744,204,8092,349,19519.500PASS ✓
L1278,2068,310,6494,139,2732,384,54017.250PASS ✓
L139,7318,283,7174,135,1772,364,76210.750PASS ✓
L1478,2068,310,6494,213,0012,297,52817.750PASS ✓
L1552,0278,283,7174,176,1372,332,93412.875PASS ✓
L1678,2068,373,0564,131,0812,306,69620.000PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red2016+4
2Orange Red1416-2
3Orange1216-4
4Gold2216+6
5Yellow1916+3
6Green Yellow1416-2
7Chartreuse1416-2
8Lime1416-2
9Spring Green1816+2
10Cyan1716+1
11Deep Sky Blue1816+2
12Blue1616+0
13Violet1916+3
14Magenta1516-1
15Deep Pink1416-2
16Hot Pink1016-6

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value3,761
Max value8,373,056
Mean4,111,625
Std deviation2,346,624
Shannon entropy3.9816 bits (99.5% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)15.789   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 2 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.972999.3%9.500−21.08PASS ✓
L023.940098.5%21.000−9.58PASS ✓
L033.967499.2%11.250−19.33PASS ✓
L043.958599.0%14.750−15.83PASS ✓
L053.950198.8%16.250−14.33PASS ✓
L063.958399.0%14.750−15.83PASS ✓
L073.976099.4%8.250−22.33PASS ✓
L083.938898.5%21.625−8.95PASS ✓
L093.963699.1%12.500−18.08PASS ✓
L103.925998.1%24.625−5.95PASS ✓
L113.944298.6%19.500−11.08PASS ✓
L123.951698.8%17.250−13.33PASS ✓
L133.968599.2%10.750−19.83PASS ✓
L143.945298.6%17.750−12.83PASS ✓
L153.961299.0%12.875−17.70PASS ✓
L163.938698.5%20.000−10.58PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9538 bits (98.8% of max 4.0)
Average χ²15.789
Layers passing χ² test16 / 16 (100%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)0 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.9259 bits (L10)
Highest layer χ²24.625 (L10)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9538 bits (98.8% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9816 bits (99.5% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)15.789   PASS ✓
Min value3,761
Max value8,373,056
Mean4,111,625 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 3 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0112,9948,322,9954,198,0472,357,70811.250PASS ✓
L0264,4258,253,4824,239,0072,282,27528.250PASS ✓
L0330,1808,322,9954,292,2552,301,34320.000PASS ✓
L0443,0628,318,2844,267,6792,336,65826.250PASS ✓
L0530,1808,358,7204,255,3912,296,13916.000PASS ✓
L063,3488,318,2844,226,7192,343,92122.125PASS ✓
L0730,1808,366,6294,189,8552,422,2719.375PASS ✓
L0843,0628,342,9844,202,1432,393,42624.375PASS ✓
L0952,9058,366,6294,239,0072,385,45314.750PASS ✓
L103,3488,342,9844,255,3912,321,24828.250PASS ✓
L1153,2308,333,0624,218,5272,384,87213.750PASS ✓
L123,3488,342,9844,161,1832,357,33919.625PASS ✓
L1330,1808,358,7204,198,0472,341,44521.000PASS ✓
L143,3488,291,4134,239,0072,385,60521.125PASS ✓
L1530,1808,358,7204,255,3912,353,15023.000PASS ✓
L163,3488,291,4134,279,9672,334,20419.250PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red1816+2
2Orange Red1116-5
3Orange1816+2
4Gold1616+0
5Yellow1216-4
6Green Yellow1616+0
7Chartreuse1716+1
8Lime2016+4
9Spring Green1516-1
10Cyan1416-2
11Deep Sky Blue2516+9
12Blue1716+1
13Violet1516-1
14Magenta1316-3
15Deep Pink1216-4
16Hot Pink1716+1

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value3,348
Max value8,366,629
Mean4,232,351
Std deviation2,350,366
Shannon entropy3.9767 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)19.898   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 3 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.969499.2%11.250−19.33PASS ✓
L023.908397.7%28.250−2.33PASS ✓
L033.943098.6%20.000−10.58PASS ✓
L043.921598.0%26.250−4.33PASS ✓
L053.953998.8%16.000−14.58PASS ✓
L063.932098.3%22.125−8.45PASS ✓
L073.974499.4%9.375−21.20PASS ✓
L083.929498.2%24.375−6.20PASS ✓
L093.959899.0%14.750−15.83PASS ✓
L103.913497.8%28.250−2.33PASS ✓
L113.963099.1%13.750−16.83PASS ✓
L123.941498.5%19.625−10.95PASS ✓
L133.939198.5%21.000−9.58PASS ✓
L143.935798.4%21.125−9.45PASS ✓
L153.937398.4%23.000−7.58PASS ✓
L163.944598.6%19.250−11.33PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9416 bits (98.5% of max 4.0)
Average χ²19.898
Layers passing χ² test16 / 16 (100%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)0 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.9083 bits (L02)
Highest layer χ²28.250 (L02)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9416 bits (98.5% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9767 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)19.898   PASS ✓
Min value3,348
Max value8,366,629
Mean4,232,351 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 4 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0119,4928,358,2674,288,1802,370,88716.500PASS ✓
L0278,9888,346,1624,271,7962,283,03137.125MARGINAL
L0319,4928,358,2674,308,6602,311,19016.250PASS ✓
L0487,9248,346,1624,300,4682,270,14320.250PASS ✓
L0519,4928,358,2674,325,0442,276,70914.125PASS ✓
L06142,5158,327,9354,337,3322,272,69224.875PASS ✓
L0719,4928,358,2674,366,0042,294,99513.875PASS ✓
L08165,9958,375,6624,349,6202,301,39027.500PASS ✓
L0918,6758,311,0124,394,6762,344,64422.500PASS ✓
L10165,9958,375,6624,411,0602,299,42041.375MARGINAL
L1129,5508,311,1084,447,9242,292,16023.625PASS ✓
L12113,4868,327,9354,460,2122,288,83230.500PASS ✓
L1319,4928,251,1204,447,9242,288,28619.500PASS ✓
L1499,3018,327,9354,447,9242,258,24626.875PASS ✓
L1518,6758,311,0124,460,2122,284,06517.125PASS ✓
L16121,0598,346,1624,431,5402,250,12521.625PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red1316-3
2Orange Red1516-1
3Orange1116-5
4Gold1316-3
5Yellow2116+5
6Green Yellow1616+0
7Chartreuse2116+5
8Lime1816+2
9Spring Green2216+6
10Cyan1916+3
11Deep Sky Blue816-8
12Blue1216-4
13Violet1216-4
14Magenta1916+3
15Deep Pink1616+0
16Hot Pink2016+4

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value18,675
Max value8,375,662
Mean4,378,036
Std deviation2,294,038
Shannon entropy3.9656 bits (99.1% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)23.352   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 4 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.951598.8%16.500−14.08PASS ✓
L023.895697.4%37.125+6.55MARGINAL
L033.955298.9%16.250−14.33PASS ✓
L043.936798.4%20.250−10.33PASS ✓
L053.957398.9%14.125−16.45PASS ✓
L063.912897.8%24.875−5.70PASS ✓
L073.960299.0%13.875−16.70PASS ✓
L083.912897.8%27.500−3.08PASS ✓
L093.937998.4%22.500−8.08PASS ✓
L103.873096.8%41.375+10.80MARGINAL
L113.926398.2%23.625−6.95PASS ✓
L123.897497.4%30.500−0.08PASS ✓
L133.940098.5%19.500−11.08PASS ✓
L143.913397.8%26.875−3.70PASS ✓
L153.947698.7%17.125−13.45PASS ✓
L163.934298.4%21.625−8.95PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9282 bits (98.2% of max 4.0)
Average χ²23.352
Layers passing χ² test14 / 16 (88%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)2 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.8730 bits (L10)
Highest layer χ²41.375 (L10)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9282 bits (98.2% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9656 bits (99.1% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)23.352   PASS ✓
Min value18,675
Max value8,375,662
Mean4,378,036 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 5 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0184,1608,370,5524,194,0482,451,57625.000PASS ✓
L0241,2658,322,0574,177,6642,430,75814.000PASS ✓
L039,4748,370,5524,157,1842,441,17432.000MARGINAL
L04226,0668,343,6894,210,4322,369,53526.500PASS ✓
L0581,9098,339,3244,198,1442,379,50832.250MARGINAL
L0680,2918,369,6194,165,3762,345,45734.000MARGINAL
L07222,0068,291,6624,181,7602,296,23427.875PASS ✓
L0880,2908,343,6894,112,1282,326,86517.875PASS ✓
L0981,9098,291,6624,071,1682,316,00320.875PASS ✓
L1080,2908,322,0574,095,7442,357,72719.750PASS ✓
L1114,9408,291,6624,124,4162,373,49716.625PASS ✓
L1263,3498,351,2824,112,1282,343,79615.250PASS ✓
L1349,6538,293,9094,194,0482,317,57218.750PASS ✓
L1480,2908,369,6194,230,9122,291,67224.875PASS ✓
L1549,6538,359,3584,189,9522,291,84424.000PASS ✓
L1612,5188,190,9114,177,6642,326,49314.750PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red916-7
2Orange Red2416+8
3Orange1116-5
4Gold1816+2
5Yellow1916+3
6Green Yellow2316+7
7Chartreuse1716+1
8Lime1216-4
9Spring Green1316-3
10Cyan1416-2
11Deep Sky Blue1116-5
12Blue1416-2
13Violet2016+4
14Magenta1316-3
15Deep Pink2616+10
16Hot Pink1216-4

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value9,474
Max value8,370,552
Mean4,162,048
Std deviation2,354,674
Shannon entropy3.9667 bits (99.2% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)22.773   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 5 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.931798.3%25.000−5.58PASS ✓
L023.962899.1%14.000−16.58PASS ✓
L033.897997.4%32.000+1.42MARGINAL
L043.922098.1%26.500−4.08PASS ✓
L053.908797.7%32.250+1.67MARGINAL
L063.903697.6%34.000+3.42MARGINAL
L073.906397.7%27.875−2.70PASS ✓
L083.947698.7%17.875−12.70PASS ✓
L093.933798.3%20.875−9.70PASS ✓
L103.944298.6%19.750−10.83PASS ✓
L113.952298.8%16.625−13.95PASS ✓
L123.954698.9%15.250−15.33PASS ✓
L133.943198.6%18.750−11.83PASS ✓
L143.925198.1%24.875−5.70PASS ✓
L153.920898.0%24.000−6.58PASS ✓
L163.955598.9%14.750−15.83PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9319 bits (98.3% of max 4.0)
Average χ²22.773
Layers passing χ² test13 / 16 (81%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)3 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.8979 bits (L03)
Highest layer χ²34.000 (L06)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9319 bits (98.3% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9667 bits (99.2% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)22.773   PASS ✓
Min value9,474
Max value8,370,552
Mean4,162,048 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 6 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0114,2378,336,8074,074,3212,276,58432.625MARGINAL
L0231,1358,351,7974,156,2412,244,96429.750PASS ✓
L0314,2378,358,4994,127,5692,289,69610.625PASS ✓
L0431,1358,351,7974,074,3212,285,69027.125PASS ✓
L0558,7458,245,1774,094,8012,314,79810.250PASS ✓
L06130,1928,323,1464,094,8012,265,86122.625PASS ✓
L0758,7458,358,4994,037,4572,234,52221.000PASS ✓
L0831,1358,323,1464,070,2252,209,10129.750PASS ✓
L0958,7458,254,0244,004,6892,192,01222.875PASS ✓
L1031,1358,249,1244,049,7452,191,96721.750PASS ✓
L11107,9998,358,4994,037,4572,190,93421.625PASS ✓
L1224,0808,105,7984,016,9772,191,97524.500PASS ✓
L13107,9998,208,8284,008,7852,198,96821.250PASS ✓
L14165,3958,303,0174,049,7452,190,69632.000MARGINAL
L1514,2378,336,8074,045,6492,220,25317.750PASS ✓
L1624,9288,339,9994,074,3212,239,88826.250PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red1816+2
2Orange Red1216-4
3Orange1016-6
4Gold1716+1
5Yellow2516+9
6Green Yellow2216+6
7Chartreuse1416-2
8Lime716-9
9Spring Green1916+3
10Cyan1516-1
11Deep Sky Blue2816+12
12Blue1516-1
13Violet1816+2
14Magenta1816+2
15Deep Pink816-8
16Hot Pink1016-6

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value14,237
Max value8,358,499
Mean4,063,569
Std deviation2,234,348
Shannon entropy3.9683 bits (99.2% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)23.234   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 6 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.907097.7%32.625+2.05MARGINAL
L023.907097.7%29.750−0.83PASS ✓
L033.969999.2%10.625−19.95PASS ✓
L043.914197.9%27.125−3.45PASS ✓
L053.969899.2%10.250−20.33PASS ✓
L063.930998.3%22.625−7.95PASS ✓
L073.938898.5%21.000−9.58PASS ✓
L083.917997.9%29.750−0.83PASS ✓
L093.924698.1%22.875−7.70PASS ✓
L103.931398.3%21.750−8.83PASS ✓
L113.933998.3%21.625−8.95PASS ✓
L123.927498.2%24.500−6.08PASS ✓
L133.931098.3%21.250−9.33PASS ✓
L143.907397.7%32.000+1.42MARGINAL
L153.946598.7%17.750−12.83PASS ✓
L163.918698.0%26.250−4.33PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9298 bits (98.2% of max 4.0)
Average χ²23.234
Layers passing χ² test14 / 16 (88%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)2 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.9070 bits (L01)
Highest layer χ²32.625 (L01)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9298 bits (98.2% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9683 bits (99.2% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)23.234   PASS ✓
Min value14,237
Max value8,358,499
Mean4,063,569 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 7 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0131,5488,316,8954,139,7722,381,55818.125PASS ✓
L027,3008,361,7834,139,7722,375,17129.500PASS ✓
L0322,5518,297,7214,147,9642,373,27514.375PASS ✓
L047,3008,331,4834,139,7722,334,55926.750PASS ✓
L0531,5488,283,4014,082,4282,329,26812.625PASS ✓
L067,3008,214,5444,012,7962,240,05224.625PASS ✓
L07184,8808,316,8954,012,7962,235,55121.250PASS ✓
L087,3008,214,5444,037,3722,225,10121.125PASS ✓
L09147,9418,316,8954,082,4282,238,57421.375PASS ✓
L107,3008,214,5444,086,5242,254,65722.125PASS ✓
L111,7768,316,8954,111,1002,340,85920.000PASS ✓
L12132,2858,361,7834,119,2922,347,22213.125PASS ✓
L1322,5518,245,0414,066,0442,311,38924.125PASS ✓
L1483,3188,361,7834,008,7002,269,24917.875PASS ✓
L1522,5518,316,8954,061,9482,308,34610.375PASS ✓
L1657,0118,361,7834,053,7562,315,18815.000PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red1516-1
2Orange Red1916+3
3Orange2016+4
4Gold1116-5
5Yellow1716+1
6Green Yellow1516-1
7Chartreuse1316-3
8Lime1816+2
9Spring Green816-8
10Cyan2316+7
11Deep Sky Blue2416+8
12Blue1316-3
13Violet1616+0
14Magenta1916+3
15Deep Pink1416-2
16Hot Pink1116-5

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value1,776
Max value8,361,783
Mean4,081,404
Std deviation2,306,069
Shannon entropy3.9705 bits (99.3% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)19.523   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 7 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.948098.7%18.125−12.45PASS ✓
L023.915597.9%29.500−1.08PASS ✓
L033.960899.0%14.375−16.20PASS ✓
L043.918998.0%26.750−3.83PASS ✓
L053.963599.1%12.625−17.95PASS ✓
L063.914997.9%24.625−5.95PASS ✓
L073.934298.4%21.250−9.33PASS ✓
L083.928398.2%21.125−9.45PASS ✓
L093.933998.3%21.375−9.20PASS ✓
L103.930798.3%22.125−8.45PASS ✓
L113.946598.7%20.000−10.58PASS ✓
L123.961699.0%13.125−17.45PASS ✓
L133.923498.1%24.125−6.45PASS ✓
L143.943098.6%17.875−12.70PASS ✓
L153.969499.2%10.375−20.20PASS ✓
L163.954598.9%15.000−15.58PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9404 bits (98.5% of max 4.0)
Average χ²19.523
Layers passing χ² test16 / 16 (100%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)0 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.9149 bits (L06)
Highest layer χ²29.500 (L02)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9404 bits (98.5% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9705 bits (99.3% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)19.523   PASS ✓
Min value1,776
Max value8,361,783
Mean4,081,404 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 8 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L017,3418,364,1644,208,6352,522,10814.250PASS ✓
L0272,3768,329,7484,204,5392,425,18837.125MARGINAL
L037,3418,372,0474,188,1552,424,73921.000PASS ✓
L0472,3768,329,7484,184,0592,332,86236.375MARGINAL
L0516,3788,351,0794,220,9232,354,71520.000PASS ✓
L06100,9378,174,9604,196,3472,320,98835.375MARGINAL
L077,3418,351,0794,122,6192,319,66837.750MARGINAL
L0872,3768,329,7484,130,8112,281,22342.500MARGINAL
L097,3418,376,5264,122,6192,284,50918.250PASS ✓
L10100,9378,334,3574,179,9632,266,22434.000MARGINAL
L1116,0788,376,5264,216,8272,315,11719.500PASS ✓
L1272,3768,334,3574,204,5392,326,80031.250MARGINAL
L136,7278,373,9954,208,6352,379,38911.000PASS ✓
L1472,3768,329,7484,220,9232,323,71839.000MARGINAL
L1535,0198,373,9954,261,8832,367,75914.375PASS ✓
L1672,3768,334,3574,290,5552,302,44037.000MARGINAL

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red1816+2
2Orange Red1716+1
3Orange2216+6
4Gold1116-5
5Yellow1516-1
6Green Yellow1116-5
7Chartreuse2016+4
8Lime1416-2
9Spring Green1616+0
10Cyan916-7
11Deep Sky Blue1516-1
12Blue2116+5
13Violet1216-4
14Magenta2016+4
15Deep Pink1616+0
16Hot Pink1916+3

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value6,727
Max value8,376,526
Mean4,197,627
Std deviation2,347,988
Shannon entropy3.9786 bits (99.5% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)28.047   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 8 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.958499.0%14.250−16.33PASS ✓
L023.892497.3%37.125+6.55MARGINAL
L033.941298.5%21.000−9.58PASS ✓
L043.891397.3%36.375+5.80MARGINAL
L053.945198.6%20.000−10.58PASS ✓
L063.894397.4%35.375+4.80MARGINAL
L073.891797.3%37.750+7.17MARGINAL
L083.871396.8%42.500+11.92MARGINAL
L093.946298.7%18.250−12.33PASS ✓
L103.883097.1%34.000+3.42MARGINAL
L113.943698.6%19.500−11.08PASS ✓
L123.902697.6%31.250+0.67MARGINAL
L133.969499.2%11.000−19.58PASS ✓
L143.873696.8%39.000+8.42MARGINAL
L153.959699.0%14.375−16.20PASS ✓
L163.882597.1%37.000+6.42MARGINAL

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9154 bits (97.9% of max 4.0)
Average χ²28.047
Layers passing χ² test7 / 16 (44%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)9 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.8713 bits (L08)
Highest layer χ²42.500 (L08)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9154 bits (97.9% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9786 bits (99.5% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)28.047   PASS ✓
Min value6,727
Max value8,376,526
Mean4,197,627 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 9 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0165,0928,345,6114,366,6412,376,51820.125PASS ✓
L0278,4048,375,8644,399,4092,318,78541.250MARGINAL
L0365,9178,374,8664,391,2172,321,13422.750PASS ✓
L0415,0498,375,8644,395,3132,301,76940.375MARGINAL
L0565,9178,374,8664,391,2172,327,76230.000PASS ✓
L06286,6408,375,8644,391,2172,367,26624.375PASS ✓
L0736,8858,272,5334,374,8332,404,98613.875PASS ✓
L0843,1508,375,8644,358,4492,376,91226.250PASS ✓
L0915,5598,338,3144,333,8732,407,19319.875PASS ✓
L1043,1508,375,8644,374,8332,389,50830.625MARGINAL
L1115,5598,301,2294,337,9692,368,14833.750MARGINAL
L1278,4048,375,8644,354,3532,347,39228.875PASS ✓
L13119,1338,301,2294,350,2572,376,55720.000PASS ✓
L1443,1508,333,9964,383,0252,410,39625.625PASS ✓
L1565,0928,348,3414,415,7932,370,37818.500PASS ✓
L1643,1508,375,8644,407,6012,335,87325.875PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red2216+6
2Orange Red1016-6
3Orange1216-4
4Gold1016-6
5Yellow1316-3
6Green Yellow2116+5
7Chartreuse1116-5
8Lime1416-2
9Spring Green2116+5
10Cyan2016+4
11Deep Sky Blue2116+5
12Blue1516-1
13Violet1316-3
14Magenta2316+7
15Deep Pink1716+1
16Hot Pink1316-3

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value15,049
Max value8,375,864
Mean4,376,625
Std deviation2,362,880
Shannon entropy3.9769 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)26.383   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 9 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.943398.6%20.125−10.45PASS ✓
L023.884397.1%41.250+10.67MARGINAL
L033.936898.4%22.750−7.83PASS ✓
L043.875196.9%40.375+9.80MARGINAL
L053.913797.8%30.000−0.58PASS ✓
L063.929498.2%24.375−6.20PASS ✓
L073.960399.0%13.875−16.70PASS ✓
L083.922898.1%26.250−4.33PASS ✓
L093.942698.6%19.875−10.70PASS ✓
L103.915597.9%30.625+0.05MARGINAL
L113.912397.8%33.750+3.17MARGINAL
L123.915597.9%28.875−1.70PASS ✓
L133.943698.6%20.000−10.58PASS ✓
L143.928498.2%25.625−4.95PASS ✓
L153.943098.6%18.500−12.08PASS ✓
L163.926098.1%25.875−4.70PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9245 bits (98.1% of max 4.0)
Average χ²26.383
Layers passing χ² test12 / 16 (75%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)4 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.8751 bits (L04)
Highest layer χ²41.250 (L02)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9245 bits (98.1% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9769 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)26.383   PASS ✓
Min value15,049
Max value8,375,864
Mean4,376,625 (expected: ~4,190,209)

PQC IDENTITY REPORT

CRYSTALS-Dilithium · ML-DSA · FIPS 204

Keypair 10 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Key Parameters

ParameterValue
AlgorithmCRYSTALS-Dilithium (ML-DSA / FIPS 204)
Security LevelLevel 3 — AES-192 equivalent
Modulus q8,380,417
Polynomial degree n256
Walk delta δ524,288 (= 2¹&sup9;, Dilithium-2 rejection bound)
Cube dimensions16 × 16 × 16 = 4,096 spheres
Palette bands16-band rainbow [0, q−1]
ML-KEM-768 public key1,184 bytes · FIPS 203
ML-DSA-65 public key1,952 bytes · FIPS 204

2. Coefficient Generation

Layer 1 base values are derived deterministically from the identity seed:

v[i] = SHA-256(ζ || i.to_bytes(2)) mod q     (i = 0…255)

Each subsequent layer applies a ±δ walk with SHA-256-derived signs:

sign(l,i) = SHA-256(ζ || "walk" || l || i)[0] & 1  →  {+1, −1} v_l[i] = v_{l−1}[i] + sign(l,i) · δ    (boundary reflection if ∉ [0, q−1])

3. Per-Layer Value Statistics

LayerMinMaxMeanStd Devχ²Verdict
L0139,3248,371,9734,114,7742,372,28418.375PASS ✓
L0213,7378,339,9354,151,6382,394,35919.750PASS ✓
L0337,3428,351,0384,147,5422,345,35416.625PASS ✓
L0468,5068,372,6034,196,6942,385,45222.375PASS ✓
L0566,6128,371,9734,172,1182,404,46524.000PASS ✓
L0613,7378,339,9354,180,3102,353,74726.125PASS ✓
L0791,6788,371,9734,192,5982,377,14318.500PASS ✓
L086,0438,283,5574,139,3502,364,16124.625PASS ✓
L0937,3428,371,9734,163,9262,304,71830.000PASS ✓
L106,0438,307,8054,139,3502,341,91931.625MARGINAL
L111,3918,371,9734,188,5022,341,97444.625MARGINAL
L1268,5068,377,1754,188,5022,319,94336.000MARGINAL
L1339,3248,207,5714,184,4062,430,8029.625PASS ✓
L14101,1168,377,1754,184,4062,387,88724.375PASS ✓
L151,3918,356,1294,192,5982,432,1336.250PASS ✓
L16101,1168,337,9474,200,7902,382,10125.500PASS ✓

4. Palette Band Distribution — Layer 1

BandColor NameCountExpectedΔ
1Red1016-6
2Orange Red1816+2
3Orange2416+8
4Gold1216-4
5Yellow2116+5
6Green Yellow1816+2
7Chartreuse1016-6
8Lime1316-3
9Spring Green1916+3
10Cyan2216+6
11Deep Sky Blue1616+0
12Blue1416-2
13Violet1116-5
14Magenta2016+4
15Deep Pink1516-1
16Hot Pink1316-3

5. Aggregate Cube Statistics

MetricValue
Total spheres4,096
Min value1,391
Max value8,377,175
Mean4,171,094
Std deviation2,371,535
Shannon entropy3.9758 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)23.648   PASS ✓

ENTROPY & HARDNESS REPORT

16-Layer ±δ Walk Analysis · Dilithium q = 8,380,417

Keypair 10 / 10  ·  Identity Tag: HZJK3G


1. Walk Architecture

The visualizer applies a 16-layer deterministic ±δ walk over 256 polynomial coefficients in the Dilithium domain [0, q−1]. Each layer evolves from the previous via a SHA-256-derived binary sign sequence — mathematically equivalent to the rejection sampling sign derivation in Dilithium key generation.

ParameterValue
Walk delta δ524,288 = 2¹&sup9; (Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound)
Sign derivationSHA-256(ζ || "walk" || layer || sphere)[0] & 1
Boundary ruleReflect: flip sign if candidate ∉ [0, q−1]
Layers16 (cube depth)
Spheres per layer256 (Dilithium polynomial degree n)
Total walk steps4,096 (256 × 16)

2. Per-Layer Entropy Evaluation

Shannon entropy H and chi-square uniformity statistic per walk layer. Critical value α=0.01, df=15: 30.578. Marginal zone: 30.578–45. Reject: >45.

LayerH (bits)H %χ² Statvs CriticalPass/Fail
L013.948198.7%18.375−12.20PASS ✓
L023.944898.6%19.750−10.83PASS ✓
L033.952598.8%16.625−13.95PASS ✓
L043.933798.3%22.375−8.20PASS ✓
L053.935198.4%24.000−6.58PASS ✓
L063.919198.0%26.125−4.45PASS ✓
L073.948398.7%18.500−12.08PASS ✓
L083.930498.3%24.625−5.95PASS ✓
L093.917497.9%30.000−0.58PASS ✓
L103.904697.6%31.625+1.05MARGINAL
L113.880697.0%44.625+14.05MARGINAL
L123.899397.5%36.000+5.42MARGINAL
L133.972899.3%9.625−20.95PASS ✓
L143.933198.3%24.375−6.20PASS ✓
L153.982099.6%6.250−24.33PASS ✓
L163.926398.2%25.500−5.08PASS ✓

3. Walk Summary Statistics

MetricValue
Average H (16 layers)3.9330 bits (98.3% of max 4.0)
Average χ²23.648
Layers passing χ² test13 / 16 (81%)
Marginal layers (30.578–45)3 / 16
Rejected layers (>45)0 / 16
Lowest layer H3.8806 bits (L11)
Highest layer χ²44.625 (L11)

4. Hardness Evaluation

4.1 Domain Resistance

Walk delta δ = 524,288 represents approximately 1/16 of domain q = 8,380,417. Each step moves a coefficient by 6.25% of the full range — the Dilithium-2 rejection sampling bound chosen to preserve uniform distribution after rejection.

4.2 Entropy Persistence

Average Shannon entropy across all 16 layers: 3.9330 bits (98.3% of the 4.0-bit maximum). The walk maintains near-maximum entropy throughout — confirming the ±δ step size does not introduce systematic band concentration or measurable entropy decay.

Note: Chi-square is measured independently per layer and averaged. Flattening all layers before testing would artificially inflate χ² due to the correlated directional march of the γ&sub1; walk vectors across layers.

4.3 Inversion Complexity

Recovering identity seed ζ from the observed cube requires:

  1. Inverting 4,096 SHA-256 outputs (walk signs + base values)
  2. Solving a system with 4,096 binary sign constraints
  3. Finding a SHA-256 preimage for the seed ζ

Inversion complexity is bounded below by SHA-256 preimage resistance: 2¹²&sup8; operations at NIST Security Level 3.

5. Cube Aggregate Entropy

MetricValue
Total values4,096
Shannon entropy3.9758 bits (99.4% of max 4.0)
Avg χ² (16 layers)23.648   PASS ✓
Min value1,391
Max value8,377,175
Mean4,171,094 (expected: ~4,190,209)